sensor


Sensors that might do the work:





Sonic range finders work by emitting a series of supersonic pulses (typically in the range of 40 kHz), which propagate outward from the sensor in a cone shape at the speed of sound (around 0.9 ft/ms in room-temperature air).  When encountering an object, the pulses reflect, returning an echo that is detected by the range finder.  The time-to-echo is then recorded by the range finder and can be accessed once the ranging is complete. 

The minimum range of the SRF is limited by the time it takes to emit a pulse and eliminate any residual ringing in the sensor, typically on the order of 100 usec (microseconds).  The maximum range is limited by the power of the pulses, among other things: after a certain range, the echoes are simply too weak to be reliably detected. 

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